Ocupação dos manguezais como expressão da exclusão social na Ilha da Crôa / Barra de Santo Antônio – AL

Abstract

This research addresses issues related to the spheres, economic, environmental and especially social. It focuses more specifically on the problem concerning the exclusion of social subjects, consisting of families who occupied inappropriately, a mangrove area of the "Island of Crôa," the city of Barra de Santo Antonio, Alagoas, Brazil. This occupation started in 1994 and resulted in significant economic, environmental and social traits of which are analyzed together and correlation, giving special attention to what is concerning the social sphere. Thus, the research problem in focus here is to study the issue of social exclusion that these individuals are subject in the light of theoretical frameworks that we adopted as reference for designing the corresponding exclusion process. The theoretical support to the research understand the concept of tension for differentiation (SILVA 2006), the concept of development as the exercise of freedoms (SEN, 2000), the concept of sustainable development (SACHS 2004) and the concept of juridicizing conflicts ( BIDARRA,2000). The study proceeded according to the following methodology: interviews and visits in the period April 2006 to September 2010; questionnaires during the months from September to October 2009. Both the interviews and visits and the questionnaires limited to 72 families settled in the area of mangrove Croa Island. The original intention was to cover all the 106 families that occupy this region.In spite of its having been constituted as a proposal in principle feasible, due to availability of the researcher, its achievement, in fact, be set simply by the fact that the adults in these 34 other families were not found to respond to questionnaires. Although this research has not covered all of the families occupying the number 72 that represents them is very significant for our purposes of studying the issue of social exclusion to which they are subjected. It appears that given the state of deprivation of freedom, for voltage diffential, socioeconomic and environmental sustainability and the threat of conflict juridicizing who are subject to these families, it is clear that: without the concomitant absence of housing policies social, educational and urban planning that would have directed these families occupants, so they were guaranteed social rights, social individuals probably would not seek the alternative of taking the mangrove. They are treated also in this research the relationships of power, citizenship and sustainability so intrinsic to the issue of social exclusion, as a subsidy to understand the phenomenon of the occupation in mangrove área and looking to unveiling its socio- enviromental.