Avaliar a relação entre os fatores de risco ocupacionais, distúrbios musculoesqueléticos e qualidade de vida no trabalho: uma análise usando PLS - SEM

Abstract

This study aimed to test the hypotheses of a comprehensive structural model examining the chain relationship among occupational risk factors, symptoms of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), and perceived Quality of Work Life (QWL). Psychosocial risk factors were assessed using items from the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ), the Effort–Reward Imbalance (ERI) Questionnaire, and the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II (COPSOQ II). Biomechanical factors included awkward trunk and upper limb postures, excessive manual load handling, and prolonged standing. Organizational factors evaluated encompassed monotonous tasks, tight deadlines, and limited encouragement for teamwork. Worker perceptions of WMSD symptoms and QWL were measured using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and Walton's Quality of Work Life model. The model was constructed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The measurement model evaluated reliability (composite reliability) and validity (average variance extracted—AVE, Heterotrait–Monotrait ratio—HTMT, and Fornell–Larcker criterion). The structural model tested the direct and indirect relationships between variables and the proposed hypotheses through bootstrapping. The results revealed that most biomechanical factors influence WMSD symptoms through the mediating effect of physical work demands. Physical demands exerted a direct effect on both WMSDs and stress. Favorable psychosocial conditions significantly reduced stress levels, mitigated WMSD symptoms, and improved QWL. Conversely, adverse organizational factors indirectly contributed to WMSD symptoms by increasing perceived stress. Lastly, WMSDs had a detrimental impact on perceived QWL. We conclude that the proposed model demonstrates satisfactory psychometric properties and provides a valid framework for analyzing the interplay between occupational risks, WMSDs, and QWL. These findings offer practical insights for professionals and researchers aiming to develop and implement evidence-based strategies to prevent work-related risks and disorders, and to promote healthier and more productive work environments.