Aproveitamento de resíduos rurais em energia e a atuação dos burocratas de nível de rua

Abstract

The objective of the research was to analyze the use of rural waste for energy and the role of street-level bureaucrats in the implementation of public policies in Brazil. The theoretical framework is part of the public policies research line, whose contributions to the line emerge from the state of the art and the technical-scientific database on the theme of the use of rural waste, as well as from the evaluation of the applicability of the theory of Bonelli et al. (2019) on the role of street-level bureaucrats. The methodology was based on a literature review, using the systematic mapping technique (Tranfield et al., 2003; Paul, et al., 2021), to identify the contributions of the state of the art on the use of waste for energy. Documentary research and content analysis (Lakatos; Marconi, 2017; Bardin, 2011) were used to analyze institutional standards and documents – specifically the Brazilian Agricultural Policy, the National Solid Waste Policy; and the National Solid Waste Plan – in order to verify the performance of street level bureaucrats. To evaluate this performance in practice, that is, the applicability of the theory, two interviews were conducted, supported by a semi-structured questionnaire previously prepared in accordance with the theory studied (Minayo, 2015) and content analysis (Bardin, 2011) to interpret the results. Thus, the results are divided into: 1) Scientific article – The state of the art points to the need for diagnosing rural waste, involving the state, the community, experts and decision-makers, and the development of technologies and techniques, with analysis of economic viability and barriers on the subject. The theory of Bonelli et al. (2019) in documentary research allowed a partial assessment of the potential for implementing public policy on the subject, which supported the second stage; 2) Conclusive Technical Report (PTT) – it was possible to present experience on the construction of a biodigester for family farming, which led to the elaboration of a technical-scientific database with academic works on the use of biodigesters in family farming. Furthermore, having verified the applicability of the theory of Bonelli et al. (2019) through the interviews, it was possible to elaborate the manual of guidelines for evaluating the performance of street-level bureaucrats in the implementation of public policies. Originality/relevance – practical application of the theory of Bonelli et al. (2019) that has not been previously evidenced in the literature and preparation of the guidelines manual applicable to public agencies and entities. Practical contributions – potential impact on the implementation and evaluation of public policies from the perspective of the performance of street-level bureaucrats, as well as in the promotion of public policies for the use of biodigesters in the use of rural waste by family farming. The study was limited by the application of the questionnaire to only two people, which limits the scope of the analysis. Future research, especially applied research, is suggested, with a view to increasing elements for the analysis of the performance of bureaucrats, as well as the improvement of technologies and the State's action in favor of the use of rural waste in energy.