Cartilha educativa sobre fatores de risco para neoplasias de mama e de próstata, a partir de uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Breast and prostate cancers are among the malignancies with the highest incidence and mortality rates, making the identification of their risk factors crucial for both public health and clinical practice. Recognizing these determinants poses a health challenge; nurses play a key role in prevention by analyzing and understanding how risk factors contribute to cancer development and by selecting the most effective strategies to address them. Objective: To develop an educational booklet on risk factors for breast and prostate cancer based on an integrative review. Methodology: This study is an integrative literature review. Searches were conducted in the LILACS, BDENF, and SciELO databases using the descriptors "Risk factors," "Breast neoplasms," and "Prostate neoplasms" combined with the Boolean operator AND. Results: A total of 278 articles were analyzed; following screening by title and abstract, 34 were selected, and 26 were included after a full-text review. Findings were categorized into: behavioral (modifiable) risk factors, such as alcohol use and being overweight; genetic and biological (non-modifiable) risk factors, such as age and race; social determinants of risk factors, highlighting low levels of education; and the role of nurses in prevention through nursing interventions. This process made it possible to identify key vulnerabilities and the preventive actions required in clinical practice. Conclusion: The review's objectives were met by identifying the most relevant risk factors and providing the evidence base needed to create an up-to-date educational resource. The booklet serves as a tool to support nursing practice in Primary Health Care, actively contributing to the prevention and early detection of breast and prostate cancer.