Perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos por lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente no Brasil: período de 2018 a 2024

Abstract

Intentional self-inflicted injuries represent a major public health issue, with significant impact on population morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of deaths due to intentional self-harm in Brazil from 2018 to 2024, as well as to describe the sociodemographic profile of victims, place of occurrence, regional distribution, and main methods used. This is a quantitative, descriptive, and crosssectional study based on secondary data from the Mortality Information System, available through the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System. Deaths classified under codes X60 to X84 of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) were included. The results showed a total of 105,802 deaths during the analyzed period, with an increasing trend in mortality rates. Higher prevalence was observed among males, young adults, individuals with lower educational levels, and those without a formal marital relationship. Regarding race/color, a higher absolute number of cases was identified among white and mixed-race individuals. Most deaths occurred at home, with hanging being the most frequent method, followed by poisoning and the use of firearms. Regionally, the Southeast presented the highest absolute number of cases, while the highest mortality rates were observed in the South and Midwest regions. It is concluded that suicide presents a heterogeneous distribution in Brazil and is strongly associated with social determinants, highlighting the need to strengthen public policies focused on prevention.