Transições de famílias de recém-nascidos prematuros na primeira etapa do Método Canguru

Abstract

The object of study of this dissertation is the family's experience of transition in the face of their child's prematurity in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during the first stage of the kangaroo method. Afaf Meleis' theory of transitions is used to anchor research and nursing care at this stage of life, where the family experiences multiple, complex and significant changes in the face of their child's prematurity. Studies focusing on the first stage of the kangaroo method deserve attention and with nursing theories, in addition to the high rate of prematurity in Brazil. Thus, the question was: how does the family experience the transition in the face of this early and prolonged separation of the preterm newborn and how does the kangaroo method in the first stage contribute to this transition? We then sought to analyze the family's transition in the face of prematurity during the first phase of the kangaroo method from the perspective of transition theory. Qualitative, descriptive research based on Afaf Meleis' theory of transitions carried out in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, at the Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes - HUPAA, public reference service in Maceió, Alagoas, project approved with opinion: 6,390,020. Data collection took place from December 2023 to April 2024 with 14 families, with only 1 father participating in the interview. The semi-structured meetings and interviews took place according to their availability in the unit. The information was transcribed and analyzed based on content analysis and stages of the theoretical framework. As a result, the age of the mothers ranged from 19 to 42 years, the majority indicated that they had completed 2nd degree (high school) (64.3%), only one family lives in a mud house and one mother does not have an emotional relationship with the baby's father. Around 78.6% of the mothers had a consensual union and 14.3% were married, regarding work, 28.6% of the mothers stated that they worked and 21.4% reported that they planned the pregnancy. In relation to families' transition patterns, they were multiple and simultaneous, as they were interconnected and all the changes mentioned modified the families' living conditions, interfering with their personal, family, social and/or professional roles, demanding readjustment. The benefits of using the theory are: the operationalization of positive and effective interventions; promotion of care within the maternal and child scenario, especially for premature babies, thus reflecting on the quality of care. It also enabled the correlation and involvement of theoretical and practical knowledge, where nurses' actions now have a renewed focus on care, reaffirmation of theories already applied and the stimulus for the creation of new ones. It is essential for the evolution and development of theoretical-scientific knowledge, philosophical and theoretical methodological reflections to innovate the area of nursing and health.