Reações adversas a medicamentos: etiologia, clínica e manejo

Abstract

Adverse reactions to drugs (ARDs) are interactions between the imunologic system and drugs that are possible of happening in the clinical practice of any professional. A literature review was utilized to investigate the main topics of the subject. There still is discussion of teories about the exact etiology of ARDs, with the hapten theory being more widely accepted then the direct stimulation theory, or p-i theory. The reactions can occur in predictable and unpredictable way, which can depend of their reaction mecanismo. The mecanisms of ADRs can be classified in 4 tipes, according to their cronology, mediator and clinical apresentation, with the tipe IV reaction being subdivided in 4 more. The clinical apresentation of the ARDs can occur in diferent ways, possibly being differentiated by the presentation and reaction time, also there being a connection between presentation and causing drug. Diagnostic is conducted primarly by anamnesis and the clinical presentation, but complementary exams can be useful for confirmation.Treatment of ADRs is pretty simple, based on the withdrawal of the medication used, but there are more urgent measures that need to be used on an acute.