Políticas públicas e direitos para as pessoas com deficiência: um estudo bibliográfico

Abstract

For a long time, people with disabilities lacked specific rights capable of protecting their dignity and their social spaces. Beginning with the Second World War, the awareness emerged that people with disabilities needed to have their rights as citizens guaranteed. Based on this awareness, legal instruments were created to guarantee these rights. One of these rights is inclusive education, which also spent a long time being seen as a form of education parallel to regular education. Given this context, there is a need to more deeply understand the legal rights granted to people with disabilities under Brazilian law. Therefore, the following research question was formulated: What rights do people with disabilities have under Brazilian law? This work, through a bibliographical survey, aims to provide an overview of how the guarantee of the rights of people with disabilities has developed throughout history, as well as to trace the history of inclusive education in Brazilian legislation, demonstrating that this is not a recent discussion. This history was obtained through bibliographical research, bringing together data from ancient civilizations, the Salamanca Declaration, which was a watershed in the discussion on the topic, to the most current inclusive education policies. Through this historical survey, we can see that Brazilian legislation has a series of policies to guarantee the rights to education of people with disabilities, but in practice, there is a failure both in teacher training and in the structure of schools to serve students in a truly inclusive manner.