Entre invisibilidade e protagonismo: participação política de Maninha Xukuru Kariri no movimento indígena (1966-2006)

Abstract

The dissertation addresses the political trajectory of Maninha Xukuru Kariri in the indigenous movement. From this perspective, it seeks to understand gender issues involving their insertion in movements and their contribution to the strengthening of indigenous women in public environments, such as in markedly gender-based organizations. For indigenous women, stereotypical views about what it means to be an indigenous woman still stand out, which privilege characteristics of the past, nullifying or reducing their participation in the formation of the Brazilian State. However, this dissertation seeks to overcome this scenario by understanding Maninha Xukuru Kariri and the originals as active, distancing themselves from the discourse of oppression and domination, reassessing their powers. Therefore, as research sources, clippings from newspapers mostly published by the Indigenous Missionary Council (CIMI) will be analyzed, in addition to the newspapers Gazeta de Alagoas, Diário de Pernambuco, Folha São Paulo and Jornal Sem Terra. Furthermore, we will use Oral History as a research methodology, when conducting interviews with indigenous and indigenous leaders from the region of the State of Sergipe and Alagoas. The first chapter consisted of presenting the territorial and family history of Maninha Xukuru Kariri, the beginning of the East Northeast Commission and the land repossessions in which Maninha contributed and led. The second chapter consists of addressing the institutionalization of the Articulation of Indigenous Peoples of the Northeast, Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo (APOINME), the findings of the decree of 1775/96, 500 years march and the death of Maninha Xukuru Kariri. The third chapter discusses the silences in historiography and narratives about indigenous women with regard to debates around gender and ethnicity, in addition to seeking to analyze what Maninha Xukuru Kariri's contributions were to the greater insertion of indigenous women in the public environment. Finally, the fourth and final chapter discusses the multiple faces of the social imaginary surrounding the images and representations of Maninha Xukuru Kariri, because, as we will see, she is characterized as a feminist, a warrior, the only one in a political environment.