Influência da orientação alimentar cardioprotetora sobre a capacidade antioxidante total do plasma de sobreviventes a infarto agudo do miocárdio

Abstract

Introduction: One of the factors contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases is oxidative stress. To counterbalance this oxidative system, antioxidants function as an integrated network of protection, with the Total Antioxidant Capacity of Plasma (TAS) reflecting the synergistic action of various antioxidants present in the intracellular environment. Objective: To identify the effect of cardioprotective dietary guidance (DICA-BR) on the total antioxidant capacity of plasma in survivors of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) in referral services of the Unified Health System (SUS) in the state of Alagoas. Methods: A total of 77 AMI patients were studied during hospitalization (Baseline - BL) and re-evaluated after six months (Post-baseline - PBL). Participants were randomized into an intervention group (IG: DICA-BR) and a control group (CG: standard hospital nutritional guidance). The total antioxidant capacity was measured using the Trolox equivalent assay. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the non-parametric Wilcoxon test was applied, adopting a p-value of <0.05. Results: The study sample (n=77) was divided into 61% IG and 39% CG, with a majority of women (64.9%), an average age of 62.22 ± 9.58 years, and predominantly elderly individuals (59.7%). The economic class revealed a significant majority of low-income individuals (84.42%). Regarding TAS, the median values in both IG and CG were similar (Δ = 0.51, p>0.05). However, the IG showed a sevenfold increase in TAS, compared to fivefold in the CG, when comparing minimum BL TAS levels to maximum PBL TAS levels. Conclusion: Although both groups showed a similar increase in TAS (Δ), the greater elevation of TAS levels in the IG based on BL versus PBL suggests that cardioprotective dietary intervention may be more consistent in improving total antioxidant capacity.