Avaliação de livros didáticos no ensino de bactérias e criação de um recurso digital

Abstract

The present work is intended for a didactic-pedagogical analysis of two textbooks with regard to their ways of approaching and working on the content of bacteria. Thus, the objective of this research was to compare how the two textbooks from different years dealt with the content of bacteria, in addition to identifying their strengths and weaknesses. To this end, two collections were selected for a primary analysis, one from the publisher Moderna and the other from the publisher FTD. In these two collections, the summaries of all the books and modules that constituted them were observed, looking for the book/module that contained content related to bacteria. Once the appropriate book/module was identified, a careful analysis was subsequently made of each of them. The first book to be analyzed was 2016 Modern Biology, published by Moderna, referring to the National Textbook Program for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020. The second book to be analyzed was the 2020 Natural Sciences module from FTD publisher, referring to the National Textbook Program for the years 2021, 2022 and 2023. The results obtained were that the first book addressed bacteria in a manner considered sufficient for high school students, providing concepts, explanations, diagrams and facts that are important for their educational and social development. Regarding the second book, its results were not considered satisfactory. With the high school education reform, textbooks changed to the module format to adapt to the Common National Curriculum Base and this ended up drastically reducing the quantity and mainly the quality of the content, bringing few concepts, shallow explanations or even none at all, in addition to not presenting any type of diagram. Thus, as a proposed solution to mitigate the negative impacts caused by the new textbook format and to assist the Teaching and Learning process, a digital e-book was created with thirteen Didactic Sequences, in addition to extra materials, such as exercise sheets and reading suggestions for further study of bacteria. Thereby, both the teacher and the student have free quality material at their disposal in order to alleviate the deficiencies present in the current module.