Reflexões e tendências da prática em educação em saúde dos docentes da educação básica brasileira: uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Health Education in schools is a fundamental practice aimed at promoting knowledge and critical reflection on health, understood as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, beyond the simple absence of disease. When integrated into the school curriculum in a planned manner and with a clear pedagogical purpose, these activities provide students with the necessary tools to develop autonomy in managing their health, both individually and as a community. This study aims to investigate the practice of Health Education among basic education teachers. To support the discussion, a historical contextualization was carried out on the inclusion of this theme in the curriculum of Brazilian schools. The methodology used was an integrative review, in which 14 studies published in the last ten years - from 2014 to 2023 - were selected and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, using Bardin's thematic content analysis, which, according to Gerhardt et al. (2009), is that which is linked to the notion of a theme or a specific subject. The results indicate that scientific production on Health Education in schools is limited, reflecting the low priority given to the topic by educators. It was also observed that expository dialogue classes are the most common methodology, being used sporadically. This highlights the need for a more systematic approach to Health Education in schools, as well as the adoption of innovative methodologies that encourage more active participation of students in caring for their health and in understanding the factors that influence it.