Alterações do estado nutricional em pacientes oncológicos submetidos à radioterapia: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer is the disordered growth of cells, which can invade nearby tissues or even distant organs. In addition to their ability to divide rapidly, cancer cells are often aggressive. Since it is a rapidly developing disease, immediate treatment is of utmost importance after diagnosis. Currently, there are several types of treatments for cancer, including radiotherapy. Its effectiveness has been proven, but some side effects have already been elucidated and this procedure can influence changes in the nutritional status of patients undergoing treatment. Objective: To highlight the main findings in the literature regarding the influence of radiotherapy on changes in the nutritional status of cancer patients. Method: The literature search was carried out in the MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS (Virtual Health Library - BIREME), SCIELO, and GOOGLE ACADEMIC databases, during the months of June to August 2024. Results: During radiotherapy, patients may experience significant weight loss, especially in those with advanced stage cancer and when treatment involves areas such as the head, neck, upper abdomen, and chest. Conclusion: Although some patients, during radiotherapy, are able to maintain or gain weight, weight loss is generally observed and can negatively interfere with treatment as well as aggravate cases of pre-existing malnutrition, highlighting the importance of preventive nutritional interventions and continuous support during treatment.