Avaliação da taxa de filtração glomerular estimada de pessoas idosas vivendo em comunidades do estado de Alagoas e sua associação com a sarcopenia

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Aging is a dynamic, progressive and physiological process, factors such as the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases and sarcopenia are often associated with a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate in the elderly and low longevity in the elderly. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the estimated glomerular filtration rate in elderly people in the State of Alagoas and its association with Sarcopenia. METHODOLOGY: This is an observational, analytical and descriptive, population-based, cross-sectional study, an integral part of a larger project called I Alagoas Diagnosis on the health and quality of life of elderly people, carried out from April 2021 to October 2023 in the State of Alagoas. The sample of this study consists of a subsample of the main project formed by 548 elderly people (age ≥60 years) living in 14 municipalities in the State of Alagoas. Sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, body composition, muscle strength and physical performance data were collected. The Glomerular Filtration Rate was estimated using the CKD-EPI equation (2021) and classified according to the KDOQI guidelines (2002), sarcopenia was defined according to the EWGSOP criteria (2019). For statistical analysis, the Jamovi® version 2.3.28 program was used, for descriptive statistics the variables were categorized, Pearson's Chi-square test was performed to evaluate associations with eGFR and linear and univariate logistic regression adjusted for sex, age and education. to evaluate factors associated with a decrease in eGFR, an alpha value equal to 5% (p<0.05) is adopted in all tests. RESULTS: 548 elderly people participated, mean age was 71.5±28.6 years, 67.7% were female, 67.7% had high blood pressure and 32.6% diabetes, 19.5% had reduced eGFR (< 60mL/min/1.73m²), the presence of sarcopenia was 7.6% and did not demonstrate a significant association with eGFR, the variables age, sex, presence of arterial hypertension, polypharmacy and waist circumference were associated with altered eGFR (p <0.005). CONCLUSION: A large portion of the elderly population living in the community in Alagoas has low eGFR. These findings serve as a warning about kidney disease in the population, mainly because it is an underreported problem. The absence of an association between eGFR and the diagnosis of sarcopenia does not rule out its potential harm, since the reduction in strength showed a positive correlation with eGFR values, reinforcing the need for special attention to elderly people, with monitoring for early screening of the disease being essential. CKD in the geriatric population at the primary health care level. Although no association was identified between the diagnosis of sarcopenia, it was observed that traditional and modifiable risk factors such as obesity and hypertension continue to be an important focus of care, due to their association with reduced GFR in the studied population.