Análise da variação lexical em uma turma de 5º ano do Ensino fundamental de uma escola pública em Riacho Doce – Maceió/AL

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze cases of lexical variation in the speech and writing of 5th grade students at a public school in Riacho Doce - Maceió/AL. The research was carried out using a ualitative approach, taking into account quantitative aspects and an ethnographic approach with observations, activities and interviews. The theoretical basis is based on Variationist Sociolinguistics, coined by William Labov, and Educational Sociolinguistics, marked by the work of Professor Stella Maris Bortoni-Ricardo. In order to situate the state of knowledge on lexical variation and teaching, a mapping of studies related to the subject was carried out in a digital database of theses and dissertations and in the institutional repository of the Federal University of Alagoas - UFAL. Next, the sociolinguistic aspects, the methodological aspects, the analysis of the data collected in the field using charts/tables and the systematization of the approximations and distances identified between the lexicon of the children in their school experiences and that of the residents interviewed in the community were structured. The results of this research show that in the students' speech and writing there are different cases of lexical variation that coexist with greater or lesser frequency of use, as well as that the students master the coexisting variants using them according to the different contexts in a conscious way with their linguistic choices appropriate to different situations. The analysis also shows that in addition to this form of variation in the students' speeches and written records, there is also variation at other levels alongside lexical variation. In this sense, the results show that children's lexical choices at school are influenced by social, historical and cultural factors through the linguistic contact experienced in the neighborhood, which is passed down from generation to generation. They also point out that these lexical choices are also influenced by technological factors and the internet, in the sense of the acceleration and dvancement of digital technology, easier access to electronic devices, applications, digital platforms and online games. In short, in addition to social, historical and cultural factors, we found that the Internet lays a major role in influencing lexical variation in students' speech due to its expansion in the forms of real-time communication, the production/sharing of diverse content and the facilitation of the dissemination and coexistence of lexical variants and/or in various communicative and meaning-making situations.