Problemas na universalização do esgotamento sanitário e as influências do novo marco regulatório do saneamento estudo de caso do sistema de esgotamento sanitário da cidade de Piranhas – AL

Abstract

The basic sanitation has public mechanisms by which water is captured, distributed, treated and preserved and among its services, sewage is one of the most relevant due to its influence on public health, quality of life and preservation of natural sources. There is a delay in terms of care and the quality of the service provided due to late attention to this sector, the lack of definition of an effective national policy and various conflicts of interest between union bodies. In recent years, several policies have been created to define functionality standards, progressive expansion and increased quality of service. In 2020, Law 14,026/2020 was passed, which updates the old national basic sanitation policy (Law 11,445/2007) and brings new definitions. This update comes with the aim of establishing new standards to be obeyed, aiming at the universalization of services by the year 2033. In that case, an attempt was made to analyze how changes can minimize the problems that afflict locations that are far behind in the national scenario. The case study methodology was used in the municipality of Piranhas - Alagoas, which, during the beginning of the study, underwent a concession facilitated by law 14.026/2020. Bibliographic analyzes of the history of the Brazilian sector were carried out, revisions in documents of the municipality and of the concession itself, in addition to technical visits in the study city to correlate their influences. The diagnosis observed several operational problems of the services, in addition to a great stagnation in the expansion of the systems over the last few years. From the bibliographical and documental analysis, it is concluded that the new framework presents much more effective mechanisms with incentive to results and contract models that allow the necessary competition in the provision in order to achieve the goals. The regionalized delivery model to which the target city was inserted makes it possible to provide technical staff and financial attractiveness for a region that naturally does not have such a characteristic. The scenario is positive for the operational, management and financial problems to be resolved and the municipality to reach its goals, provided that all the obligations discussed in the law and in the contract are fulfilled with excellence.