Influência do saneamento básico na saúde da população: estudo de caso dos povoados da reserva extrativista marinha da lagoa do Jequiá, localizada em Jequiá da Praia – AL

Abstract

RESEX Marinha da Lagoa do Jequiá is a Sustainable Use Conservation Unit, created by Federal Decree in 2001. It was created to guarantee the activities carried out by the traditional population, primarily artisanal fishing and to promote environment protection. The beneficiary population is disposed of in twelve villages located in the immediate vicinity of RESEX, The lack of urban infrastructure and unplanned urban growth, associated with the human activities are causing negative environmental impacts in the area. The municipality of Jequiá da Praia, where RESEX Marinha da Lagoa do Jequiá is located, has precarious basic sanitation services. Thus, the population benefiting from RESEX is exposed to the occurrence of diseases related to inadequate environmental sanitation. In this context, the objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of basic sanitation systems coverage on the population health residing in the villages surrounding the RESEX Marinha da Lagoa do Jequiá, in order to contribute to the improvement of the population's quality of life through the development of public policies on sanitation and health. Firstly, the diagnosis of basic sanitation and health conditions was carried out, by academic literature and also by studies and reports made available by ICMBIO and the Jequiá da Praia City Hall. Subsequently, the Índice de Carência em Saneamento Básico was calculated using the methodology developed by the Jones dos Santos Neves Research and Development Support Institute and a linear correction was made between the sanitation and health data. To supplement the data, a questionnaire was applied to the members of the Unit's Management Council. Also actions and public policies on sanitation and health were proposed that can be applied by the managing agency and by the city of Jequiá da Praia. The results showed that there is a relationship between poor sanitation in the region and health problems, and it is necessary to invest in basic sanitation systems to promote health and quality of life for the population benefiting from the Conservation Unit. The DRSAI with the highest record of cases in the villages, during the study period, was the group of superficial mycoses. Cases of dengue, other viral fevers transmitted by mosquitoes, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, schistosomiasis, helminthiasis and chagas disease have also been reported. The proposals for public actions and policies are aimed at environmental and health education of the beneficiaries; implementation of sewage treatment system; training and capacity for residents who operate the “Water Association” system and health agents; monitoring of diseases that affect the beneficiary population; development of a complementary solid waste management system; communicate and strengthen existing environmental education actions. Furthermore, based on the experience of other RESEX that already have a management plan, it was possible to realize that it is an important document for planning actions and programs aimed at sanitation and health and that its existence can help the RESEX Marinha da Lagoa do Jequiá in this process.