Relação entre carga de treinamento agudo/crônico e perfil metabolômico em atletas de futebol profissional: uma abordagem prática

Abstract

The dynamics of a soccer match make a high physiological demand and it is therefore important that the soccer player develops a high level of physical fitness in line with total control of training loads (external and internal). In this sense, the acute to chronic workload ratio (ACWR) has been used as a tool for controlling workload and the incidence of injury in team sports. Therefore, with the aim of investigating whether the ACWR can be used as a tool for predicting metabolic stress through metabolomic analysis, 40 professional soccer players were monitored for 9 weeks using CATAPULT OPTIMEYE S7 GPS devices (Catapult, OPTIMEYE S7, Melbourne, Australia) during training sessions and matches to determine external loads using the ACWR-coupled and exponentially weighted moving average. Urine samples were collected 24 hours before and 24 hours after matches to determine the metabolic response (internal load) of each player before and after the match. The raw data collected was organized and analyzed using the Open Field Console software and routines programmed in the MatLab environment (MathWorks, version 2018b). The samples were analyzed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR-metabolomics) to verify the metabolic content. The data was analyzed using PCA and PLS-DA statistical functions to classify, discriminate and correlate the metabolites and training load, in order to verify the state of metabolic stress pre- and post-match in professional soccer players. The results showed: 1) higher loads in the second mesocycle (4-week period) in the week preceding matches with opponents considered to be of a higher technical level and matches of a decisive nature in the metrics of total distance covered (4391m) , player load (456 a.u. ) and distance at high intensity (242m); 2) ACWR was unable to discriminate the players' metabolomic profile when using the ACWR classes LOW (<0.8), SWEETSPOT (0.8 - 1.3) and HIGH (.1.3) at pre and post-match for all players and matches and; 3) when the players were separated into groups G1, G2 and G3, ACWR at pre and post-match showed little sensitivity in separating the groups, especially in the LOW and HIGH groups. It was concluded that the ACWR was only able to discriminate the metabolomic profile of soccer players when separated by match and work groups (G1, G2 and G3).