Infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ists): farmacoterapias e o papel do farmacêutico no tratamento

Abstract

Sexually transmitted infections (STI), caused by more than 30 bacteria, viroses and parasites, have expressive impacto on global health. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that in 2020 there were 374 million new cases of curable STIs and 1.5 million new cases of HIV, hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection between 2019 and 2020. This research was developed to analyze pharmacotherapies for five STIs (HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, syphilis and gonorrhea) adopted by several countries and in Europe and point out strategies that pharmacists can adopt to improve the effectiveness of the treatment of these STIs. For this, a literature review was carried out, using the PubMed, Google Scholar and Scielo databases to search for articles, as well as websites of the WHO, Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa) and ministries, and health-related societies, organizations and associations from different countries such as the United States and Ghana. Several different pharmacotherapies were found, although the most adopted regimens were WHO recommendations: tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) associated to lamivudine (3TC) and dolutegravir (DTG) for HIV infection; entecavir and tenofovir for hepatitis B; the pangenotypic regimens glecaprevir/pibrentasvir and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir for hepatitis C; benzathine benzylpenicillin for syphilis and ceftriaxone, both as single therapy and associated with azithromycin, for the treatment of gonorrhea.. It was found that providing an inclusive environment free from discrimination enables an open dialogue with the patient about their needs and can reach more vulnerable populations. It was also shown that education about sexual health and STIs, associated with pharmaceutical care or behavioral therapy, was the best strategy to improve adherence to pharmacotherapy. However, there are still several obstacles that need to be overcome so that the pharmacist can provide a better result in the treatment of these STIs, such as users' concerns about privacy and confidentiality of informations and patients' lack of knowledge about the pharmacist's training. Therefore, it is expected that this research can contribute to providing best practices and strategies for optimizing the treatment of STIs.