A atuação da enfermagem na prevenção de infecção de sítio cirúrgico : uma revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: According to ANVISA, among Healthcare-Associated Infections, Surgical Site Infections (SSI) rank third, and it is estimated that 60% of these are preventable. The adoption of standardized prevention protocols reduces postoperative complications and improves clinical outcomes for patients. Objective: To identify in the scientific literature the role of nursing in the prevention of Surgical Site Infections. Methodology: This is a qualitative study based on an integrative literature review. Only primary studies from the last 5 years, in English, Portuguese, or Spanish, available in full, with open access, and that met the objective of this research were considered. The selected databases were MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF, SCOPUS, and WEB OF SCIENCE. The descriptors were: Surgical Wound Infection; Nurse's Role; Infection Control; Perioperative Period. Results: Out of 815 studies identified, eligibility criteria were applied, and only 5 met the research objective, therefore, they were summarized and characterized. Of these studies, 80% were quantitative. Regarding the time criterion, 40% were from 2020. Concerning the language, 80% were in English. Regarding the quality assessment of the studies, 60% were classified as 2C. Based on the main findings in the literature reviewed, three key aspects highlight the role of nursing in SSI prevention: responsibility in continuous education and team training; monitoring and adherence to SSI prevention protocols; and perioperative care based on nursing care. Conclusion: In summary, the role of nursing in the prevention of surgical site infections is essential, as it is the profession involved from patient admission to hospital discharge, maintaining direct contact with both staff and patients and their families. Additionally, nurses play an important role in health education, team supervision, and providing direct care throughout the perioperative period.