Padrões de uso e potencial para popularização de plantas alimentícias silvestres no brasil: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise

Abstract

Most ethnobotanical studies have focused on investigations of medicinal plants and wild food plants associated with their uses by communities around the world, listing species and classifying them taxonomically. Other investigations have sought to understand which plants used for medicinal purposes are overused and underutilized in different contexts, taking into account the theory of non-random selection, in addition to investigations that seek to identify other patterns that can help identify possible ecological problems associated with the use of these plants. Therefore, this systematic review was carried out with the aim of contributing both from a practical and theoretical point of view, in the sense of identifying patterns in the knowledge and use of plants, in addition to confirming that there are clades of plants that are overused and others that are underused. Therefore, searches were carried out in 4 databases, such as Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus and PubMed, using 8 sets of keywords, in English and Portuguese, in order to register wild food plants occurring in Brazil . The steps were: inclusion and exclusion criteria, screening, study selection method based on the risk of bias, data processing and, finally, data analysis. A total of 80 articles met the inclusion criteria for this review. However, 45 of them were considered at high risk, 17 at moderate risk and 18 at low risk of bias for identifying overused and underused families, leaving 35 articles. In a second moment, articles that contained less than 5 cited species and those that did not bring information about the part used were excluded from the meta-analysis, leaving 22. As for the results, the families Annonaceae, Arecaceae, Basellaceae, Cactaceae, Capparaceae, Caryocaraceae, Myrtaceae, Passifloraceae, Roussel, Rhamnaceae, Rosaceae, Sapotaceae, Talinaceae and Typhaceae were considered overutilized and the families Eriocaulaceae, Orchidaceae and Poaceae were considered underutilized, using two different approaches (IDM and Bayesian). As for the meta-analysis, the results show that there was a predominance, in this review, of the knowledge and use of reproductive parts, non-persistent, woody and non-destructive plants, but there was no interference from the different ecosystems. Therefore, the selection of wild food plants in Brazil is not random. And the patterns indicate that there is a predominance of reproductive parts, non-persistent, woody and non-destructive plants, and these factors are crucial to guide public policies that aim to improve the management of food plant resources to avoid possible ecological problems. Keywords: Food Safety, Nutritional Safety, Ethnobiological Survey.