A cultura de segurança do paciente do enfermeiro perioperatório: revisão integrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Patient Safety Culture is a necessary component in health services, as it represents values, attitudes, perceptions, skills and behavior patterns that demonstrate the commitment of professionals and management to safety, which makes it possible to plan specific actions aimed at improving care and mitigating adverse events. Objective: To analyze the evidence on perioperative nurses' patient safety culture. Methodology: This is an integrative review of the scientific literature, made up of 6 methodological stages, whose method allows us to systematically gather knowledge on the subject. The PICO acronym strategy was used for the guiding question, defined as, “What evidence is available on perioperative nurses' patient safety culture?”. The survey covered a five-year period, from 2018 to 2023, in the following databases: BDEnf, LILACS, SciELO, MedLine via PubMed and SCOPUS. The terms were validated in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS)/Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): “patient safety”, “organizational culture” and “nurses”, from which studies were analyzed in Portuguese, English and Spanish, full texts and free of charge. Results: 688 studies were found, so after the analysis process 10 studies were included in the review, corresponding to 9 articles and 1 master's thesis, the studies were carried out in Brazil, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria and Mexico, between 2019 and 2023, whose safety culture was identified as weakened in 90% of the studies. Conclusion: The culture of safety is weakened, and a punitive approach is predominantly observed in healthcare organizations, implying the need for more research on this topic in order to improve care practices and promote evidence-based patient safety, where error must be addressed in a fair and systemic way, the reporting of incidents must be encouraged and the organizational learning process must be promoted.