Levantamento populacional de mosca-da-futas (Diptera: Tephritidae), seus parasitóides e hospedeiros em cultivo orgânico e convencional em Maceió, AL

Abstract

The city of Maceio is located in the eastern state of Alagoas, has a tropical climate and other factors favorable to the development and adaptation for fruit tree. The aim of this study was to compare quantitatively the population and the diversity of fruit flies, as well as their hosts and parasitoids in organic and conventional cultivation in the city of Maceió, Alagoas. The collections of the fruits were made weekly at random at different height of the plant and at different stages of maturation and also fallen on the ground. Then they were sent to the Laboratory of Entomology of the Center for Agricultural Sciences UFAL, where they were washed, weighed, labeled and placed individually in plastic containers containing a 1 cm layer of sand for pupation of the larvae. After ten days, the obtained pupae were placed in petri dishes with a layer of sand to the emergence of the adult, the latter being preserved in eppendorfs containing alcohol at 70%. We collected 14 species of fruit growing in the organic and 13 in the conventional. In both crops were identified ten species of tephritids: Anastrepha antunesi Lima 1938, Anastrepha consobrina (Loew, 1873), Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1930), Anastrepha obliqua (Maquart, 1835), Anastrepha pickeli Lima 1939, Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann, 1830), Anastrepha sororcula 1979 Zucchi, Anastrepha zenildae 1939 Zucchi, Anastrepha sp., and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824). A. consobrina was obtained only in organic farming. In both crops, the greatest infestations occurred in the fruits of yellow mombin (Spondias lutea) (Anacardiaceae). Were identified three species of braconid Doryctobracon areolatus (Szépligeti, 1911), Asobara anastrephae (Muesebeck, 1958) and Utetes anastrephae (Viereck, 1913), and specimens of the genus Opius and families Figitidae and Pteromalidae. The highest rates of parasitism were found in small fruits, and D. areolatus was found in all fruit infested with larvae / pupae of fruit flies. Organic farming had a greater number of tephritids and parasitoids.