Efeito de produtos vegetais e Ecolife® sobre o Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, os níveis de antracnose e qualidade dos frutos de Sunrise Golden

Abstract

The main postharvest disease of papaya (Carica papaya L.) is anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The damage caused by this pathogen and possible residues of fungicides in fruits of papaya, can be considered the biggest problems in the chain, production, marketing and consumption. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the extracts (garlic, onion, Bitter melon and neen), essential oils (citronella, eucalyptus, ginger and peppermint), Ecolife ® and Cuprozeb fungicide, in controlling the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides on papaya fruits cv. Sunrise Golden, experiments were performed in vitro and in vivo. To install the in vitro experiment, we used Petri dishes with PDA medium containing concentrations of 10, 15 and 20% for the extracts, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% for oils and Ecolife ® and 1.25, 1.75 and 2.25 g/L for the fungicide. In this culture medium were added PDA (Potato - Dextrose - Agar) disk containing young mycelium of the fungus, undergoing a period of five days of incubation and assessed the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition. For the in vivo experiment, healthy fruits papaya were decontaminated and the best treatment doses, selected in vitro, were sprayed on the fruits 48 h before inoculation with spore suspension of C. gloeosporioides. The fruits were evaluated at nine days after inoculation by determining the rates of disease. In vitro results showed that garlic extract, oils of citronella, eucalyptus, mint, ginger, Ecolife® and the fungicide Cuprozeb at all concentrations differed significantly from the control. At all concentrations tested, garlic extract and essential oils of citronella and peppermint inhibited by 100% mycelial growth. In the in vivo experiment highlights the garlic (10%), as the best results, get the disease index of 16.5%, able to control the disease in 81.14%. Alternative methods showed promise in controlling C. gloeosporioides.