A ocorrência de dentes supranumerários e a importância do tratamento cirúrgico: uma revisão de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Supernumerary teeth are a dental condition characterized by the excessive development of tooth germs, resulting in the formation of additional teeth, both in the permanent and primary dentition. Its occurrence is more frequent in the anterior region of the maxilla or in the premolars of the mandible, and can manifest itself in isolation or multiple, unilateral or bilateral. Objective: To address the occurrence of supernumerical teeth and the importance of surgical treatment to prevent complications and promote the patient's oral health. Methodology: This is a literature review carried out between the months of January and February in Google Scholar and PUBMED databases. No time frame was adopted. Articles published in Portuguese were included, with access published in full. The following health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) were adopted: “supernumeric” “hyperdontia” “extranumeric teeth” “dental diagnosis” “surgical treatment”. The research was developed using the following guiding question: “How to approach patients with supernumerical teeth and what is their importance in surgical treatment?” Literature review: The etiology of supernumerary teeth is not yet fully understood, but genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in their formation. These extra teeth may develop from additional tooth buds, resulting in the formation of a fully formed tooth, or they may be rudimentary, unerupted, and similar to small enamel nodules. Supernumerary teeth are classified according to their shape and location, the most common being the mesiodents (located between the upper central incisors), followed by the paramolars and distomolars. Conclusion: Thus, supernumerary teeth are a relatively common condition that can lead to serious complications if not treated properly. Early surgical intervention is essential to prevent future complications and ensure the patient's long-term oral health.