Produção de bio-óleo a partir de resíduos sólidos urbanos via pirólise : avaliação físico-química por cromatografia

Abstract

The Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is one of the most important activities carried out by public authorities, which is responsible for managing the way waste is collected and transported, as well as its destination and appropriate final disposal. Thus, with the questions raised regarding the environmental impacts that MSW can present, research has been seeking solutions for its treatment through different approaches, one of which is pyrolysis, which consists of a technological process for the efficient use of these wastes, resulting in the volume reduction and removal of toxic pollutants, in addition to being able to recover energy and produce a variety of chemicals. Therefore, the objective of the work was to produce bio-oil through this thermochemical process for different municipal solid waste, evaluating its composition through chromatographic analysis. The MSW used (paper, cardboard and rags) were prepared, characterized by thermogravimetric and elemental analysis, and by the content of fixed carbon, ash, volatile materials and moisture, and were used to carry out pyrolysis. After the bio-oils from each material were generated and passed through liquid-liquid extraction, they were subjected to analysis by gas chromatography using mass spectrum to identify and evaluate the main compounds in each bio-oil. The bio-oils had yields of 39.5g in paper, 34.25g in cardboard, 14.15g in polyester and 38.7g in cotton, with majority compositions of ketones, phenols and carboxylic acids, in addition to alkene hydrocarbons present in cotton.