Relação entre comércio internacional e sustentabilidade ambiental: revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between international trade and environmental sustainability, using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to synthesize the findings of quantitative empirical studies on the subject. Initially, 4,587 articles were identified in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, and after applying the filters in the SLR protocol, a final corpus of 518 articles was found. The results revealed a growing academic interest in how global trade exchanges influence environmental sustainability, with an emphasis on the theories of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) and the Pollution Haven Hypothesis (PHH). The bibliometric analysis showed a concentration of studies in certain countries, notably in developing and emerging nations, which suggests the need for strategies and policies aimed at promoting environmental sustainability considering regional specificities. Suggestions for future research include the need for studies that synthesize statistical results as a meta-analysis, investigations on the pollution halo hypothesis, analyses on the role of global value chains, among others. From the discussions presented, we believe this research provides insights into the sustainability debate, offering a solid foundation for future investigations and for the development of more effective public policies at the intersection of trade and the environment.