Ostreicultura e ambiente institucional: complementaridade ou contradição? O estudo de caso de Alagoas

Abstract

With the growth global demand and the crisis of the traditional fishing sector, it became necessary to develop economic activities to generate employment and incomes. The mariculture (ostreiculture) is a branch of aquaculture and has been used in several countries, developed or not, this may allow the production of food work in environmental sustainability with highly efficient, economical and social enabling these technologies are passed to the communities applications with direct and low cost. In Brazil, we need public policy definitions for fisheries and aquaculture development in any sector stagnated for a long time, state like Santa Catarina it’s able to leverage the activity. The Alagoa’s coast has a series of estuaries and watersheds with agglomerations of various communities living on the margins of estuaries and from there derive their livelihood. The mariculture in Alagoas was implemented mainly by SEBRAE-AL in 2003 after identifying the region as possessing the potential to develop the activity. So activity is still embryonic, and the city of Barra de São Miguel in a headmost stage. The business grew and gained social importance, but the institutions that are linked with the activity are no longer given the demands that the industry requires, none of them has at least one professional from mariculture to provide technical assistance. The mariculture in Alagoas was a striking feature and had a strong response to insertion of society that requires specific actions to be consolidated. In the field of public policy, the PLDM come as a guideline to plan the mariculture, but in Alagoas although the first state to initiate the activities, work stopped and was not completed due to administrative problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ostreiculture in Alagoas and Santa Catarina as a reference the case, and analyze the differences in institutional environment and governance can provide different degrees of efficiency in terms of sustainable development. This important because there are threats to the ecosystem, where there is no way to control the activity in this field. And that framework is goal to test the hypothesis that the institutional environment favorable to their various levels, combined with the idea of social capital and governance, can provide the sustainability required, with reference to the productive chain of mariculture. Prior literature, collection of secondary data, interviews and questionnaires with sampling have defined support research in Alagoas. The analysis of Santa Catarina was the result of secondary data, interviews, and scholarly works that treat this perspective. The study showed that in Alagoas ostreiculture craft is extremely familiar with characteristics of production and with major social, environmental and economic. The production chain is completely disorganized and without a systemic coordination. The technical and scientific demands grew, but is not being served by the institutions difficult, so the technological solutions in mariculture in Alagoas.