Associação entre circunferência do pescoço e força de preensão palmar com componentes da síndrome metabólica em sobreviventes de eventos cardiovasculares

Abstract

Obesity is often associated with the occurrence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In overweight individuals, survivors of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, this combination represents a very high risk for a new cardiovascular event. Studies reveal that neck circumference (NC) and handgrip strength (HGS) have shown a positive and negative association, respectively, with the components of MetS. Thus, this study aimed to verify the association between NC and HGS with MetS components in survivors of cardiovascular events. This is a cross-sectional study nested within a randomized clinical trial, whose subsample is made up of data from the first moment of the research, (baseline), with 66 individuals diagnosed with MetS. Demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, clinical, anthropometric, biochemical and HGS variables were extracted from the database. For statistical analysis, the Jamovi software, version 2,2,5, was used. The X² test (Pearson or Fisher) was performed to verify possible associations between the categorical independent variables and NC and HGS. Spearman correlation test and logistic regression between NC and HGS with the MetS components to evaluate possible correlations and associations, respectively. In all tests, a significance level of 5% was adopted. The sample studied was composed of 54.5% women (n=36), with a mean age of 59.1 ± 10.7 years, 36 (54.5%) adults, and 30 (45.5%) elderly people . Furthermore, the vast majority were MI survivors (n= 50, 75.8%), black (n= 52, 78.8%), with ≤ 8 years of education (n= 26, 39 .4%) and low economic class (n=63, 95.5%). It was observed that 93.8% (n=61) of the sample had high NC, with this frequency being similar between the sexes (men: n=30, 46.2%; women: n=31, 47.6%; p= 0.118). Furthermore, 63.1% (n= 41) had reduced HGS, of which there was a predominance of females (n= 22, 34.4%), when compared to males (n=19, 29.7 %) (p= 0.825). Regarding the result of the correlation between HGS and the MetS components individually, a negative correlation was observed between blood glucose and HGS (p=0.005). However, interestingly, the same correlation was observed between blood glucose and NC (p =0.010). In none of the regression analyzes was a statistically significant association observed. In the studied population, a high number of MetS components were observed, since the majority of individuals, with no difference between genres, had 3 or more components of the syndrome, the most frequent being low HDL and systemic arterial hypertension, the latter frequently present among individuals who have cardiovascular diseases. From the data presented, it was observed that HGS and blood glucose, an important component of MetS, are inversely correlated, where people with low muscle strength have higher concentrations of serum glucose. In this study, NC did not behave as a marker of cardiovascular risk since it did not correlate with MetS components.