Práticas de redução de danos entre enfermeiras da atenção psicossocial álcool e outras drogas

Abstract

In order to identify how harm reduction has been practiced by nurses who work in psychosocial care is designed this research. Understanding nursing practice in the social space in which it takes place, listening to the professionals who work there, did opt for the use of qualitative and exploratory method. The production of information was given by: semi-structured interview, systematic observation and field notes. The organization of data was performed through the categories that emerged from talks, respecting the technical guidelines of thematic analysis of Minayo (2010). The ethical principles were respected in accordance with the Resolution 466/12, under the approval of the Research Ethics Committee, under the number 807 033. For the analysis and discussion of the themes we used the benchmarks set out in the Brazilian Association of RD; policies on RD; assumptions Marlatt (1999); productions on RD, such as Denis Petuco (2009) and Domiciano Siqueira (2013). We used also the references that related RD, nursing and psychosocial care, such as Kantorski (2009) and Roos (2011). The results show that nurses identify some everyday practices as RD actions, especially those aimed at groups for health education for them led, and perform other practices reducing damage, although sometimes does not seem to recognize them with such: listening, conversation and the nursing consultation. There was the incipient preparation of nurses, yet graduation, to work in mental health services and the lack of training and continuing education. Working conditions present in the researched service have hampered the full development and ownership in practice RD. It is concluded that the formation of nurses needs to develop not only the important practice in new devices, but strategies that promote learning this new context of care. It is necessary that the courses work better the problem of drugs through investment in people, research and extension courses, beyond the issue of inclusion in the undergraduate disciplines. Permanent education processes and training should focus on strategies for maintaining the health of the person making harmful use of drugs in order to promote their well-being and quality of life, as well as ensure security professionals in the care provided. Nurses demonstrated willingness to develop practices in the DR logic and manifest count on the help of qualified professionals, with a suitable training program, action planning and government support. It could be understood that the RD allows the construction of a collective knowledge and a richer practice opportunities also helps to broaden perspectives of attention to the family unit and the social context weaving more positive results than one that reduces the subject your illness or substance that may use. It is expected that this study will contribute to the enrichment of approach to the subject and is a starting point for further studies.