Classe, patriarcado e raça no discurso midiático do impeachment de Dilma Rousseff

Abstract

In this paper we present an analysis of the media discourse of Dilma Rousseff's impeachment, in its dialectical relationship of class, patriarchy and race, in order to understand the ideological, political and economic bases of the rise of conservatism in Brazil. With this study, we seek to understand the political agenda underlying the analyzed discourses in relation to the intersection with different discursive formations. From the data collected published at that juncture, we built our research problem: which racist patriarchal discourses worked ideologically in the 2016 coup? The materialist discourse and ontological theory of social being, articulated with the decolonial theory, ground our analysis that the political rise is based on the structural racism (Almeida, 2020) of the sexual division of labor of the dominant class family in Brazil. Our analytical journey begins with the text Marcela Temer: beautiful, modest and “from home”, published by Veja magazine in April 2016, and our point of arrival is the enunciative event in which Mirtes Souza, a black woman and in the condition of maid, loses her son for the criminal act committed by the first lady of Tamandaré, then her employer, in the employment relationship established in the pandemic, in 2020. We analyzed a set of materialities that make up 41 discursive sequences, articulating different theoretical perspectives: the theory and methodology of Discourse Analysis (DA) by Pêcheux (2014) and Orlandi (2002; 2008); the dialectical historical materialism based on Marx (1985; 2008a; 2008b; 2011), and his partnership with Engels (2009), in the deepenings of Lukács (2013) and Mészáros (2002); the theories of reproductive work by Stolcke (1980), Saffiotti (1970) and Cisne (2014); and the intersectional and decolonial theories of Gonzales (1984), Ribeiro (2019); Quijano (2005; 2009), Cowling (2012), Hita (2014), Almeida (2020). With an intersectional discursive approach, in which we analyzed different intertwining discursive and ideological formations, we could conclude, just to anticipate some results, that a discursive memory was updated not only in Dilma Rousseff's impeachment process, but also in everyday life. An example are the representations about women and races published by Veja magazine; another example are the working relationships between the first lady from Pernambuco and Mirtes Souza. We understand that the structuring discourse of the coup is racist patriarchal, with a colonialist ideological sense, whose functioning mobilizes ambiguities, silencing mechanisms. Besides this, the mistakes in the resistance discourses motivated reading gestures about the disputes of power meanings around what is “feminine” and “masculine”, different from the relations forged by racism and sexism that structure the class struggle in Brazil.