Determinação do polimorfismo de 11 marcadores microssatélites do cromossomo Y nas comunidades quilombolas do Estado de Alagoas

Abstract

Several approaches using molecular biology techniques and the social sciences has been employed in order to clarify the involvement of Africans and their descendants in the history of Brazil. The African presence in America dates back to the sixteenth century when men and women were sold as slaves to serve as manpower in the colonies of Europe. It is estimated that since that time more than 15 million people have been brought forcibly to the Americas, 40% had Brazil as a destination. These Africans and their descendants started swapping genes with Europeans and Indians who inhabited the region. However, is not yet known in detail the participation of Africans in shaping history and genetics of population. Difficult access to detailed history of Africans and their descendants in Brazil is due largely to lack of documents and other historical data and geography, and only recently modern techniques of molecular biology have allowed a detailed analysis of the origin and migration of peoples. Quilombo communities are remnants of Quilombo, which were groups of runaway slaves and freedmen, located in remote and inaccessible. Quilombo is a Bantu word which means warrior camp in the forest. This study aimed to determine the polymorphism of 11 microsatellite markers on the Y chromosome in the maroon communities of the State of Alagoas. We analyzed 11 microsatellite loci of 211 men in nine maroon communities of the State of Alagoas, identified 108 haplotypes. The haplotype diversity varied from 0.7464 ± 0.0907 (Muquém) to 0.9794 ± 0.0594 (Carrasco), suggesting that there is significant founder effect in these communities. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that populations have maroon marked heterogeneity, with 25.4% of the variation due to differences among the 74.6% and intrapopulation differences. The ancient African lineages, Amerindian and European is quite varied, noting that some populations are genetically closer to European and other populations of African populations.