Os efeitos da diabetes gestacional no recém-nascido : revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

During pregnancy, a woman's body and organism undergo several changes to meet the needs of the developing baby. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disorder that affects a pregnant woman's metabolism, leading to glucose intolerance, which can lead to high blood sugar levels due to insufficient insulin production in the pregnant woman's body. GDM brings risks to the fetus, with complications such as macrosomia, premature birth, hypokalemia, intrauterine growth retardation, hyperbilirubinemia, and respiratory distress syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To analyze in the literature the effects that gestational diabetes mellitus causes in newborns. METHODOLOGY: In this study, the integrative literature review was adopted as a methodological strategy, an approach that enables a critical analysis of scientific evidence related to a given topic or problem. The PICo search strategy was used to assist in elaborating the research question, in which P (population) was represented by newborns; I (phenomenon of interest) consists of consequences; Co (context) corresponded to gestational diabetes. Based on this, the following guiding question was constructed: what are the consequences of gestational diabetes for the newborn? To select the articles, a search was carried out in the following databases: LILACS, SciELO, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. RESULTS: 515 studies were found. Of these, 458 were excluded due to the established criteria, resulting in 57 articles selected based on the title. After analyzing the abstracts, 32 studies were discarded, leaving 25 articles. Subsequently, 14 works were eliminated because they did not address the main research question or did not meet the established objective, resulting in 11 articles selected for analysis. CONCLUSION: When analyzing the literature, it was observed that GDM is a serious condition that affects a large number of people around the world, regardless of their social conditions. Given the complications that affect newborns, the need to carry out more studies that clarify these negative outcomes is emphasized, contributing to the implementation of preventive actions during prenatal care.