Consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras em adolescentes vivendo com HIV: resultados transversais do estudo saúde posithiva

Abstract

Adolescents living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at greater risk of developing metabolic abnormalities, whether due to the changes caused by the infection or long-term exposure to ART. Adherence to a healthy diet, including regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV), from the initial to advanced stages of the infection is an essential resource to optimize the health of this population. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the consumption of FV in adolescents living with HIV. This is a cross-sectional study, approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL) (CAAE 40332920.0.0000.5013 and opinion number 4.506.466) carried out with adolescents who were being monitored at the Hospital Escola Dr. Helvio José de Farias Auto – Specialized Customer Service (HEHA-SAE), located in Maceió, Alagoas. Data collection occurred through interviews using a standardized questionnaire aimed at collecting socioeconomic data, with an anthropometric assessment also being carried out with measurement of weight, height and WC. Obtaining these data allowed the calculation of the Body Mass Index (BMI) for age, where adolescents were classified considering the cutoff points of the WHO curves. The frequency of FV consumption was obtained through the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The data were tabulated in the Microsoft Office Excel® program and statistical analyzes were carried out using the statistical program STATA version 14.0. Descriptive statistics were performed with absolute and relative frequencies. When describing the proportions, the binomial distribution was approximated to the normal distribution using the 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), with significant differences being found when there was no overlap of the respective 95%CI. 34 adolescents were evaluated, with a mean chronological age of 14.4 ± 2.1 years, of which 52.9% (n=18) were female, 73.5% were eutrophic, 11.7% were underweight and 14.7% were overweight. For each item evaluated (fruit, vegetables and greens), daily consumption of approximately 6% was verified in the total sample. The highest weekly consumption was banana (56.0%), tomato (50.0%), orange/tangerine (38.3%) and lettuce (38.3%). No differences were found between FV consumption according to sex stratification. It is concluded that there was low daily consumption for most of the foods evaluated, being an important warning for the health and dietary conditions of these adolescents who live with HIV and are already predisposed to cardiovascular risk factors.