O marxismo na perspectiva da Sociologia católica: uma análise dos conteúdos referentes à teoria marxiana presentes em manuais escolares de sociologia católica (1920-1940)

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to observe and understand how Marxism is dealt with in Catholic sociology, by analyzing a set of sociology textbooks produced by Catholic intellectuals and published between 1920 and 1940. It is important to highlight the entire social fabric full of oppositions and disputes that refer to the clashes of perspective between the Church and the bourgeois class and its Enlightenment ideals, the disputes over the explanation of the social phenomena of inequality and pauperism between the clergy and Marxism, as well as the disputes over the hegemony of pedagogical ideas in Brazil between Scholasanovists and conservative Catholics. This research uses Pierre Bourdieu's relational sociology to understand how the social position of Catholic intellectuals and their dispositions in the educational field influenced the way Marxism was presented in their textbooks. The methodology used to analyze and collect data from these manuals is based on manualistics, seeking to observe the external and internal dimensions of the manuals, so that we could reach the production contexts of these works and the content sections where the exposition on Marxian theory was located, making it possible to highlight the structures, concepts covered, discussions where they are inserted and the refutation proposals made by the authors. The main findings are: 1) the obvious influence of papal interpretations of Marxism in the textbooks' exposition of this theory; 2) the emphasis on the economic aspect of Marx's contributions and the fight against his ideas regarding class struggle and surplus value; 3) the convergence of refutations based on the policy of conciliation between classes and the stabilization of social tensions with the objectives of the industrial elite of the 1930s.