Associação entre nível de atividade física, risco de sarcopenia e cardiovascular em pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise

Abstract

The present study aimed to verify the association between level of physical activity, risk of sarcopenia and risk of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis. Methodology: this was a cross-sectional observational study. The sample population included a total of 112 patients from three private hospitals, a reference in hemodialysis, in the city of Maceió-AL. They were over 18 years old, of both sexes and diagnosed with chronic kidney disease, undergoing dialysis therapy for at least 6 months. Patient records were consulted in order to collect demographic, socioeconomic and clinical data. The study was carried out in three stages: (i) assessment of physical performance and mobility through the gait speed test and assessment of static muscle strength of the upper limbs with dynamometry; (ii) sarcopenia risk screening with the SARC-F questionnaire and assessment of physical activity level using IPAQ; and (iii) cardiovascular risk stratification using the Brazilian atherosclerosis society stratification calculator. For the association between variables, the Mann-Whitney test was used with stratification of two groups based on the level of physical activity of 150 min/week. Results: with regard to the level of physical activity, 73.11% of patients do not accumulate the minimum levels of weekly physical activity, recommended worldwide, of at least 150 minutes per week in the respective IPAQ dimensions: commuting, domestic and leisure (p<0.016). For the variable risk of sarcopenia, it can be observed that 73.63% of patients are at risk for sarcopenia with reduced gait speed, being considered with limited mobility (p<0.002). With regard to cardiovascular risks, 28.57% presented a high risk for cardiovascular events. Conclusion: It was possible to identify that the accumulation of weekly physical activity was associated with risks of sarcopenia, pointing out that individuals with chronic kidney disease who are physically active have better gait mobility, presenting successful aging, compared to individuals who are not practice physical activity. Thus, the presence of a physical education professional in nephrology outpatient clinics is a preponderant factor for prescribing and monitoring physical activity, including physical exercise, as a non-pharmacological therapy to mitigate and delay complications caused by kidney disease.