Biologia e conservação da avifauna alagoana com base em documentos de licenciamento ambiental

Abstract

Human intervention and environmental changes have a negative impact on species diversity in natural environments. Environmental licensing plays an important role in mitigating these impacts by providing a technical basis for the use of resources and natural areas through environmental studies, which include diagnosis of the biotic environment and fauna surveys. In this context, the objective of this study was to characterize the bird fauna listed in environmental assessment studies of licensable projects in Alagoas and analyze biological information and its implications for conservation. Seventy-four bird lists from 40 municipalities in the state were analyzed, and it was found that fauna surveys exhibited higher quality compared to the diagnoses in the environmental studies. A total of 304 bird taxa were identified, with emphasis on the Passeriformes order and the Tyrannidae and Thraupidae families. The most frequent species were Crotophaga ani, Caracara plancus, and Pitangus sulphuratus, with the majority of birds having an insectivorous feeding habit. Additionally, nine threatened taxa were identified. The data survey provided comprehensive knowledge and characterization of bird communities in Alagoas. However, the research highlighted the importance of the licensing environmental institute developing specific methodological guidelines for different types of studies to ensure adequate quality and avoid issuing licenses based on erroneous opinions that could result in environmental damage and bird conservation. Proper data collection and analysis of these data are fundamental to promote the conservation of biological communities and make appropriate decisions for the management of natural areas.