Saúde mental: reconstituição histórica, social e política

Abstract

This course completion work aims to reconstitute the historical trajectory of Mental Health worldwide, in Brazil and in Alagoas, focusing from the hospital-centered model to the significant process of psychiatric deinstitutionalization, which brought with it the resocialization of users of health services. mental health. Deinstitutionalization was an achievement arising from the Psychiatric Reform process. As a result of the antiasylum struggle movements that were essential for the construction of new open and humanized services that could rescue the rights of these users. The methodology used comprised the bibliographical research through the authors: Foucault (2017), Amarante (1994; 1995; 2007), Machado (1978), Trindade (2007) among others. And also, documentary in official sources of Legal-political regulation on Mental Health such as: Ministry of Health (2001; 2010; 2019; 2022 and 2023), through Decrees, Ordinances (3088, 3588), Technical Note (11/2019) and Report (2019), among others. It is important to note that currently, the Mental Health policy in Brazil from the perspective of the anti-asylum struggle, suffers setbacks, including in the scope of guaranteeing rights, such as encouraging the practice of invasive treatment (electroconvulsive therapy), deprivation of liberty, changing the reduction of damage to abstinence, hospitalization of children and adolescents, among others. Thus, it is concluded that there was a significant change with the ongoing Psychiatric Reform process. However, the setbacks that occurred in the deinstitutionalization process have presented obstacles to the consolidation of strategies and devices aimed at people in psychological distress, just as they have proved to be functional for the return of the asylum model.