Análise do cenário político brasileiro frente às mudanças climáticas

Abstract

The climate crisis is the biggest challenge faced by humanity, as it requires changes in attitudes at the local, national and global levels regarding the environmental, social and economic spheres. To this end, an international climate governance was established, structured with agreements and tools to help the 193 Member StatesoftheUnitedNationsto develop in a sustainable way. Brazil, as a Member State, has structured its political base in order to meet this agenda. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the set of national policies, agencies and initiatives regarding climate change, evaluating Brazil's progress in meeting the goals established nationally and internationally. To this end, a survey of the international and national history regarding climate governance was carried out, presenting the main instances, policies, programs and tools that currently govern the theme.Therefore, it was necessary to use bibliographical research, by consulting books, reports and other publications; as well as documentary research, which made it possible to analyze the main legal instruments associated with the subject.Thus,the main international guide lines were the Paris Agreement, the 2030 Agenda and the commitments of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). At the national level, the entire trajectory of implementations was mapped, highlighting the National Policy on Climate Change (PNMC) as a focal point. Its structure intersects with the goals established by international guide lines. It was concluded that Brazil has a fragile, non-transparent, inactive and low-efficiency governance. As evidence, it is found that the emission reduction targets that violate theParis Agreement and even increased its emission. Other points that support this set of inconsistencies are poor climate education, non-regulation of the Brazilian Market for Emissions Reduction (MBRE), and low resilience and adaptive capacity to risk sand impacts. It was noted that there is a certain integration of the PNMC with other government instruments; international cooperation; database development, programs and plans, but it needs more transparency and a sense of urgency to improve such actions. Therefore, Brazil needs a bigger engagement and organization for better mitigation and adaptation to climate change.