Automatização do dimensionamento de redes de esgotamento sanitário utilizando Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG)

Abstract

For more than a century, the relationship between sanitation and public health in a region has been known. In Brazil, the health campaigns of the beginning of the 20th century were responsible for reducing and even eradicating endemic and epidemic diseases. However, with social inequality, there are still areas with poor sanitation and health infrastructure, which contributes to relatively high rates of infant mortality, morbidity and mortality caused by diarrheal diseases and intestinal parasites (Ministério da Saúde, 2004). In order to achieve the universalization of basic sanitation services, Law No. 14,026 of July 2020 establishes the rate of 90% of the population served by sewage collection and treatment services by the year 2033. To meet this challenge, the expansion of sewage collection networks is essential, and the use of computational tools has become essential to execute projects more quickly and make systems more effective. In this context, the objective of this work was to create a program that enables the automation of the dimensioning of sewage collection networks, allowing greater practicality and ease in the execution of basic and executive projects. For this purpose, the concepts of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were applied using free software, QGIS, and a plugin was developed based on the recommendations of NBR - 9.649/1986 of ABNT for dimensioning sewage collection networks, having as object of study, for validation of the plugin, a hypothetical network previously dimensioned manually using an Excel spreadsheet. The development of the work resulted in the creation of the plugin called DimRedEsg with a simple and easy interface, which generated the same results calculated manually with the Excel spreadsheet.