Comportamento alimentares saudáveis e sua associação com estado nutricional, tempo de tela e prática de exercícios físicos em adolescentes

Abstract

The present study, of a cross-sectional observational type, aimed to associate healthy eating behaviors with nutritional status, screen time and practice of physical exercise of adolescents participating in the Extension Project “Esporte Sem Fronteiras” of the Institute of Physical Education and Sport (IEFE) of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), which aims to promote physical activity as a form of secondary prevention of diseases and chronic health complications. One hundred adolescents, aged between 12 and 18 years, from two groups were studied: 1) Adolescents from Hebiatrics at the Professor Alberto Antunes University Hospital (HUPAA) and 2) Adolescents from Academia de Futebol and Clube Regatas Brasil. Anthropometric, socioeconomic, dietary and lifestyle data were obtained. Healthy eating behaviors were considered to be: having breakfast, having meals with the family and not eating in front of screens and the data referring to the behaviors were taken from the PenSe questionnaire (2015) Weight and height were measured in the anthropometric assessment , to calculate the Body Mass Index for age (BMI/A), and waist circumference. Screen time was assessed using the PenSe questionnaire (2015) and categorized according to the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Pediatrics. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-c) was applied in order to verify the practice of physical exercises. Most adolescents were male (66%), with self-declared non-black skin color (57%), with mothers with >8 years of schooling (63%) and low economic class (65%). Regarding nutritional status, most were eutrophic (78%), with waist circumference below P90 (81.8 cm), (90%). Both groups showed less practice of physical activity according to the PAQ-c (84%). 7.1% of the adolescents met the recommendations regarding screen exposure time. Male adolescents are the ones who skip breakfast the most (p=0.001). Although most adolescents are eutrophic, the percentage of overweight is the second highest and is associated with sedentary and unhealthy behaviors such as skipping breakfast and screen time. Adolescents without excess weight eat more breakfast (p=0.016) and consume fewer meals in front of screens (p=0.014); individuals with mothers with ≥ 8 years of schooling have more meals in front of screens (p=0.042) and that adolescents with less practice of physical exercise are the ones who eat more meals in front of screens (p=0.014) and the least have breakfast (p=0.031). It is necessary to encourage and adopt good eating habits, such as having meals with the family, greater control over the time of exposure to screens and greater practice of physical exercise, so that autonomy and behaviors are promoted in adolescents. critical selfresponsibility that are continued during adulthood, generating a better quality of life.