Genes de resistência à antracnose em Phaseolus vulgaris L

Abstract

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most consumed legume in the world and Brazil is the largest producer of this grain. Despite the economic and social importance, the crop presents significant losses in its production chain, among the main ones, the most impacting is the low productive capacity per planted area, in addition, producers routinely face the dilemma of using agrochemicals in excess versus attack by pests and diseases. Among the aggressors of this plant, we highlight the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. and Magnus) Lams.-Scrib., a pathogen that produces anthracnose and can generate losses of up to 100% in bean crops. The most efficient way to deal with this disease is to prevent its establishment and this can be achieved through the incorporation of resistance genes in genetic improvement programs with the incorporation of resistance genes to elite strains, aiming to combine productivity with health. phytosanitary. There are about fourteen genes that confer resistance to the pathogen, they are the so-called “Co” genes (from Colletotrichum). In this work, we selected three “Co” genes (Co-1, Co-4 and Co-5) and carried out a narrative review of the last 20 years to analyze the potential to generate resistance to anthracnose in common bean from each of the three genes. The choice was based on the importance and potential of genes in common bean breeding programs, particularly in Brazil. We obtained just over 70 articles and theses after the selection rounds, in which we observed that there is a large difference in resistance potential between them and that each of them has its own alleles that further increase its efficiency in breeding programs. It was found that the three genes are important in the promotionof bean resistance to anthracnose and that the combination of the three, or two of them, providedthat Co-1 is one of the components, is very promising in breeding programs that use gene pyramiding.