Morfofisiologia do sistema nervoso: produção de modelos didáticos como métodos alternativos para o ensino de biologia

Abstract

Analyzing the current school context, the need for alternative methods that consider the students' prior knowledge is remarkable, providing ways for them to be able to relate popular knowledge to scientific knowledge, thus building a meaningful learning. Teaching by investigation is a method that allows students to actively and systematically construct the learning process, from the perspective of scientific literacy, the student is encouraged to formulate hypotheses, systematize concepts and obtain solutions. Using this method, the present work aims at the production of didactic models about the human nervous system within an investigative proposal, for this we divide the methodology into stages: 1) clarification of the proposal and application of a previous perception formulation; 2) presentation of problem situations through provocative questions to formulate hypotheses, division of students into groups of 5 members, totaling 10 groups; 3) production of didactic models in biscuit and research to support the formulated hypotheses, socialization of the knowledge acquired after the production of the didactic pieces; 4) reformulation of the hypotheses and application of the perception questionnaire on the methodology used, providing students with a self-assessment of the methodology and acquired knowledge. The following topics were selected for this work: neuron, glial cells, brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. This work has a qualitative approach, and the data collected through the forms and observations during the proposed stages were tabulated in graphs and tables, following the categorization methodology proposed by Bardin. In view of the results obtained, the proposed methodology was well accepted by the students and provided an expressive learning about the morphophysiology of the system worked.