Função física, risco de sarcopenia e percepção da qualidade de vida em associação com o nível de atividade física em pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise

Abstract

The study aims to evaluate physical function, risk of sarcopenia and perception of quality of life (QoL) in association with the level of physical activity (PA) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on hemodialysis (HD). Methodology: this is an observational and crosssectional study. The sample population obtained 112 patients from three private hospitals in Maceió-AL. They are older than 18 years, of both sexes and diagnosed with CKD on HD for at least 6 months. The study was carried out in three stages: a) welcoming patients and data collection instrument and medical records; b) evaluation of physical function through upper limb strength tests with dynamometry and muscle function in the physical performance of gait speed for lower limbs; c) application of questionnaires for risk of sarcopenia (SARC-F); the level of physical activity (IPAQ); and perception of quality of life (KDQOL). For the association between the variables, the Mann-Whitney test was used with stratification of two groups based on the PA level of 150min/week. Results: regarding the level of PA, 73.11% reported doing less than 150 min/week of activities, that is, insufficiently active and/or sedentary, with significant differences in the variables of commuting, domestic, leisure and total (p<0.001 each). The variable QoL showed significant differences in the dimensions of symptom scale (p<0.002), effects of CKD (p<0.051), work dimension (p<0.016) and sexual function (p<0.011), physical function (p<0.001), physical role (p<0.001), pain (p<0.001), social function (p<0.004) and global emotional role (p<0.004) between the groups. Regarding physical function, the gait speed test was performed by 64.29% of the patients with time >8m/s against 35.71% with limited mobility, and significant difference between the groups. As for the risk of sarcopenia, they correspond to 26.36% of them. In the handgrip test, they presented above-average strength in the right arm 54.05%, dominant arm 54.05% and fistula arm 66.66%. Conclusion: the majority presented low levels of PA, thus also demonstrating the presence of risk for sarcopenia, however, benefiting those who remained physically active, such as the positive perception of QoL in some dimensions. Regarding muscle strength, there is an overvaluation of the non-use of the AVF arm, showing that most of them presented aboveaverage strength in this limb. In addition to the relevance pointed out in the gait speed for the mobility of patients. The practice of PA is important to improve responses to some variables in the treatment of patients with CKD.