Cannabis medicinal: usos terapêuticos e implicações legais no Brasil

Abstract

Cannabis sativa is a herbaceous, annual plant belonging to the Cannabaceae family. It is better known as “Indian hemp” and usually grows in tropical and temperate regions. Cannabis is a plant that has about 400 substances, where 60 of these substances are part of a group classified as cannabinoids. Legalization was one of the most debated topics in 2014, in parallel with the debate on the legalization of Cannabis sativa, the number of researches regarding the medical potential of substances present in the plant grows. This is a narrative review of the literature, in which the objective was to analyze the use of medicinal Cannabis as a therapeutic alternative for some pathologies, as well as to address legal issues. The guiding question for the research investigation was “which pathologies can be treated with Medicinal Cannabis”? and “what are the legal implications imposed by Brazil”? Data collection for the research took place between January and June 2022. The following terms were used in Portuguese: Cannabidiol, C.sativa and Cannabis Medicinal. Thus, the time margin of the research was from 2015 to 2022 in the electronic databases PUBMED, LILACS, SCIELO and on official websites such as ANVISA, LBE, among others. With the isolation of substances extracted from Cannabis, such as cannabidiol (CBD) and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC), it became possible to carry out scientific studies and conclude that this plant has therapeutic properties. Many of these studies show that marijuana has shown positive and effective results in the treatment of some diseases.