Estratégias de cuidado dos enfermeiros no pré-natal a gestantes com diabetes mellitus gestacional: revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Every pregnant woman diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus needs to follow the usual prenatal routine. Nurses play a key role in providing primary health care to pregnant patients. The severity of GDM and the increasing incidence of this condition make it one of the most pressing health challenges of this century. OBJECTIVE: To identify the care strategies used by nurses during prenatal care for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. METHODOLOGY: This is an integrative literature review, divided into six stages, based on the recommendations of Mendes, Silveira and Galvão (2008). The PCC acromion was used, as follows: “P” for Population: pregnant women with gestational diabetes; “C” for Concept: nursing care strategies and “C” for Context: prenatal care. Thus, the following guiding question was constructed: “What care strategies are used by nurses during prenatal care for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus?”. The selected scientific databases were: Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE via Pubmed, LILACS via BVS and Embase. RESULTS: A total of 6,259 studies were identified at the end of searches in the chosen databases. Of these, after going through the eligibility criteria, 31 articles were part of the final sample for analysis. Regarding the year of publication, studies (10) published in the year 2022 prevailed. Only studies in English were part of the final sample. After analyzing the identified strategies, it was possible to define groups to classify them, which are: education on self-management, online monitoring of self-management, specialized care complementary to routine care, psychosocial and emotional support, nutritional advice, guidance on physical activity , telephone follow-up and text messages. Almost all works (28) had the objective of analyzing the effects and results of the adopted intervention strategies. The most cited limitation was the small sample size. CONCLUSION: The data extracted from the studies resulted in the definition of 8 main groups of nursing care strategies in prenatal care for pregnant women with GDM. Thus, the main strategy used was education for self-management. In addition, most studies (29) evaluated the impacts of implemented interventions as effective. However, more than half had limitations and were published in journals with a low impact factor. Therefore, there is a need for more elaborate research in this context.