Distribuição espacial do excesso de peso infantil nos municípios brasileiros e sua relação com determinantes macro, meso e microambientais

Abstract

Excessive weight gain in childhood is a growing problem and has negative repercussions on the growth and development of individuals, and is also a risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases in adult life. Faced with the occurrence of obesogenic environments at home and in the community, it is necessary to know the influence of these spaces on the nutritional status of children. In the first part of this dissertation, a literature review was carried out, contextualizing the relationship between childhood overweight (EP) and the environments built from urbanization and changes in food systems. Then, as a result of an original epidemiological investigation, a scientific article was prepared that sought to analyze whether the prevalence of overweight in infants, preschoolers and schoolchildren has a spatial relationship with the family environment (microenvironment), community environment (mesoenvironment) and development of cities (macroenvironment). The results showed a high prevalence of overweight in preschoolers and schoolchildren, as well as its agglomeration on the Northeast coast and in the Southeast and South regions. Protective relationships were also found between the prevalence of obesity in women and sustainable development and PE in preschoolers. As for schoolchildren, all determinants pointed to an increase in the prevalence of PE. In this way, we emphasize that all environments frequented by children must be promoters of healthy living habits, whether the family environment or the built environment, enabling adequate growth and development.