Espécies de Cândida isoladas de gestantes com candidíase vulvovaginal : revisão de escopo

Abstract

Candida spp. are opportunistic yeasts responsible for most fungal infections, causing from superficial to invasive infections, they are present colonizing the vaginal tract of women, either asymptomatically or causing classic symptoms such as itching and vaginal discharge. Among pregnant women, evidence indicates that infection caused by this fungus may favor negative neonatal outcomes. Thus, the objective was to map the Candida species isolated from pregnant women with vulvovaginitis and their sensitivity to the main commercially used antifungal agents. This is a scope review, based on JBI methodology. Searches were carried out in the LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus and gray literature databases, through Google Scholar and in the references of the selected studies. Studies from the last 5 years in English, Portuguese and Spanish were considered. The included studies had their data analyzed, tabulated and presented in the form of charts and in a descriptive manner. A total of 894 articles were retrieved from selected databases and portals, of which 18 studies made up the final sample. Among the most prevalent Candida species in cases of vulvovaginitis in pregnant women, Candida albicans was the most cited, followed by Candida glabrata and Candida krusei. Regarding susceptibility tests, among the most tested antifungal agents, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B stood out. Candida krusei showed resistance to fluconazole (50%) and to itraconazole (33.3%), Candida glabrata was resistant to itraconazole (25%) and Candida albicans, in 41.6% of the studies, showed resistance to fluconazole. Thus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei species were frequently reported in cases of vulvovaginitis in pregnant women, with a susceptibility profile demonstrating resistance mainly to fluconazole and itraconazole. Thus, adequate knowledge about the Candida species most commonly involved in VVC conditions in pregnant women, as well as their sensitivity to the main antifungal drugs used, is important to scientifically support the health care provided to this public, guaranteeing the well-being of the population. -maternal and fetal well-being and preventing possible unfavorable neonatal outcomes.