Análise de reformas realizadas em unidades habitacionais do Residencial Jardim Royal, em Maceió-AL: um enfoque qualitativo sobre as alterações no projeto arquitetônico e o conforto térmico dos usuários

Abstract

The mass production of housing of social interest, characterized by the lower cost and greater number of units, results in losses regarding their habitability, understood as a set of aspects that interfere in the quality of life of the inhabitants. Climatic inadequacy has been recurrent since the design of the project, failing to meet the residents' needs in terms of ambience, leading them to carry out renovations in their homes, mostly without the accompaniment of a qualified professional. Such a lack of technical support can result in thermally uncomfortable, dark, undersized environments, devoid of structural safety and functionality, presenting constructive problems and pathologies, affecting the state of comfort and well-being of the residents. The objective of this research is to develop recommendations for reforms in Social Interest Housing in Residencial Jardim Royal in Maceió, Alagoas, aiming to allow a lesser impact on the thermal comfort of users. The methodological approach is based on the Post-Occupancy Assessment, applied to selected units having as object of study the Residencial Jardim Royal. Sampling was intentional and the criterion for defining the number of selected units was based on the amount of solar orientations of the existing dwellings. Qualitative analyzes of the wind flow inside the buildings and the shading of the openings of the more occupied rooms were carried out. The collection of data referring to the residents took place through the application of online questionnaires and interviews. The content of the questionnaires included information on family characteristics, actions and opinions of respondents, in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the social and psychological factors that influence their behavior and building use habits. The perception of thermal comfort was focused, using the 4-point and 7-point satisfaction scales of ISO 10551 (2019 ) as a way to evaluate the responses. Online interviews were applied to obtain greater detail on the habits of use and occupation of their homes, depending on their needs. The analyzes showed that the reforms carried out, majority deflect part of the winds that would enter the building, impairing the cooling of the house and consequently leading to the thermal discomfort of the users. Through the questionnaires it was possible to attest to the discomfort caused by heat inside the building and the search for cooler environments by the residents. It is concluded that the spatial adaptations from reforms can generate problems related to different aspects such as the thermal comfort of the user. So, it is suggested that the reforms be carried out to preserve uncovered areas for wind capture, as well as using elements designed to provide permanent ventilation and favor its flow into the building, and solar protection in the openings.