Percepção das puérperas acerca dos efeitos promovidos pelas estratégias de alívio da dor durante o trabalho de parto

Abstract

Integrative and Complementary Health Practices (PICS) are considered therapeutic resources originated and improved from traditional knowledge of the population throughout human history. On the other hand, Non-pharmacological Pain Relief Methods are defined as a non-invasive care strategy that, when associated with the perspective of parturition, aims to increase the woman's tolerance to pain during all periods of Labor (TP). Both are considered methods that are being increasingly used by professionals who provide labor and birth care and are important practices that contribute to restoring the humanization of birth and reducing unnecessary interventions. With this, the present study sought to evaluate the perception of puerperal women about the effects promoted by labor pain relief strategies. Qualitative and quantitative approach study, with 20 postpartum women interned in the Rooming-in of a Public Maternity. Data collection took place in April 2023, being carried out on alternate days and respecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Project approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Federal University of Alagoas, opinion nº 5.961.243 and CAAE 66794323.0.0000.5013. Data collection through interviews with the semi-structured script. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, as we did not use any statistical analysis. Neither mean nor median was used. Qualitative data were analyzed through Bardin's content analysis, and 4 categories emerged: knowledge about the existence of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief or integrative practices and sociodemographic data of puerperal women, 15 (75%), with aged over 24 years 10 (50%), single and with high school education. As for the type of delivery, vaginal delivery was the most prevalent in 19 (95%) and only 1 (5%) had a cesarean section. Most were multiparous 14 (70%), multiparous 12 (60%), without previous abortions, with 6 or more prenatal consultations and without chronic diseases 19 (95%). A low level of knowledge about PICS and MNFAD prevailed among puerperal women and, with that, a low ability to conceptualize the techniques. There was a consensus that the practices contributed to the evolution of PD, bringing feelings of pain relief, anxiety and relaxation. The most preferred practice among puerperal women was therapeutic massage. The nurse was the professional who most applied the methods. Most women reported that they could choose the position to give birth and horizontal positions predominated. 85% of women are unaware of the existence of a birth plan, but were aware of the right to a companion.